World Heritage: Necropolis
Zone hotelsDescription
The city of Ibiza is the home to this extremely important testimony from the Punic period. Today, you can reach the necropolis from the museum itself (calle Vía Romana, 31), which houses a host of items that have been found over the years in this site.
The protected area encompasses around 40,000 m2, but that is much smaller than the size of the necropolis in the Punic period, much of which lies destroyed under the buildings on the surrounding streets.
This necropolis is the cemetery of what was the first Punic city on Ibiza and an outstanding sign of its importance. The cemetery was used from the second half of the 7th century BC until an undetermined point in the Roman Empire.
The tombs of the first Phoenicians living on Ibiza were extremely rudimentary structures. The funeral rite consisted of cremating the corpse, and the ashes were deposited in a large earthen vessel or similar receptacle and placed in a trench artificially dug into the rock. At times, the ashes might be deposited directly into a natural niche in the rock.
This part of the necropolis was located in the area that today runs from the Monographic Museum to the Nuestra Señora del Rosario clinic. The funeral goods (objects deposited with the deceased person) included tiny perfume bottles, lamps and personal items.
Starting in the 6th century BC a new tomb system appeared in Puig des Molins, which was called a hypogeum; this was the most important phase in the necropolis. The hypogea were underground sepulchral chambers carved into calcareous rock, which were entered via a well-like passageways.
There are calculated to be around 3,000 tombs, of which only 340 are visible from the outside.
The sepulchral chamber is an area cut laterally into the bottom of the well. The shape of the chambers varies, and they can be rectangular or diamond-shaped. Many of these chambers would later be expanded to fit more burials, and there are also double chambers in which new one was carved from the older one.
The deceased were placed inside sarcophagi made of sandstone inside a coffin, although sometimes they were deposited directly in the rocky soil as well, wrapped in shrouds.
Another type of tomb are the so-called trenches, which consist of rectangular cuts in the calcareous rock measuring no larger than a human body. There are also burials in large amphorae.
The tombs from the 6th to 5th centuries BC contain the most objects, which can be classified into three categories: household crockery, votive objects (terracotta figures depicting gods, masks, razors, ostrich eggs) and finally personal items like jewellery or amulets.
As for visiting the hypogea in the necropolis, visitors may currently see a group of tombs located behind the museum building. The museum houses an extremely important collection of objects from the necropolis.
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Ibiza - Eivissa
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